From giant ants and dinosaur mummies … to Hobbit-sized humanoids ... Here are 13 of the Most Incredible Animal Fossils Ever Found

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#6 Yutyrannus
These dinos lived during the Early Cretaceous some 125 million years ago. Fossils discovered in northeast China in 2012 revealed a very unusual beast. The theropods (thee-roe-pods) was covered with feathers that measured about 20 cm long (almost 8 inches). Experts say the feathers probably helped the animal regulate its body temperature, since it lived in a frigid climate. It would have measured around 7.5 meters (25 feet) and weighed more than 1,400 kg (3,100 pounds). There’s still a debate as to the color of its feathers. But while the color is unknown, it’s for certain that these were the largest dinosaurs known with direct evidence of feathers.

#5 Mongolian Mash-Up
What’s the weirdest dinosaur ever? Well, some fossils were found in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert that are said to bear features similar to ducks and swans. And it may have even walked like a penguin! Dating back 75 million years, it’s known as the ‘Halszka-raptor’(HAHL-ska Rap-tore), and has been classified as a dinosaur. Even so, some paleontologists say this specimen represents an entirely new species. Going about the size of a goose or mallard duck, the animal had a slender curved neck, a duck-like bill, and a long tail. Despite its birdlike attributes, it was a non-avian dino closely related to the velociraptor, with razor sharp claws and crocodilian teeth. While scientists have learned much about it already, it seems this critter still has a lot of secrets yet to be discovered.

#4 Helicoprion (hel-uh-kop-ree-on)
Fossils of this unusual beast are distinguished by its ‘tooth whorl’, which resembles a circular saw. The creature is nicknamed “The Spiral Saw” because of that. The genus was first described in 1899, and their remains have been found from North America, Asia and Australia. They were shark-like animals that existed around 290 million years ago. And experts say they would have been some big critters. There’s evidence to suggest that they could have measured nearly 40 feet long (12 m). That’s based on a tooth whorl that would have measured about 24 inches (60 cm) in length. The whorl’s pattern is thought to represent teeth in the animal’s lower jaw. As it matured, older, smaller teeth were positioned into its center as newer, larger teeth grew in. Paleontologists are still debating how the creature would have fed itself. One popular theory says that Helicoprion used its flexible jaw like a whip to lash into schools of fish and retrieve whatever it impaled.

#3 A Dino Named Sue
‘Sue’ is actually the nickname given to the fossil of a Tyrannosaur that was unearthed in South Dakota in 1990. The find is extraordinary because more than 90 percent of the fossil was recovered. That makes it the most extensive and best preserved specimen of T-Rex ever found. Experts estimate that Sue would have measured some 40 feet long (12 m) and weighed over 20 US tons (18 metric tons). Why was it called ‘Sue’? Because the creature was nicknamed for Sue Hendrickson, the explorer who first discovered it. It’s on permanent display at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.

#2 Dinosaur Mummy
When the remains of a mummified Nodosaur (NO-doh-sawr) were found in a mine in Alberta Canada, it was hailed as the best-preserved dinosaur specimen ever unearthed. And it’s hard to argue the point. Dating back around 110 million years, the mummified Nodosaur still had its skin and armor plating still intact. Even some of its guts were well-preserved. The creature was a huge, four-legged herbivore that would have weighed some 3,000 pounds and measured 18 feet long. In addition to bony plates of armor, the animal was also protected by two spikes measuring 20 inches that thrust from its shoulders. Paleontologists say have compared the spikes to a misplaced pair of bulls horns. When it comes to dino fossils, only bones and teeth are usually found intact. This specimen’s exceptional condition is thought to have resulted from spending millions of years on the ocean floor where mineral preserved it. Experts theorize that a flooded river may have swept the beast out to sea.


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