Western Congo Basin hunter-gatherer groups highly appreciate music for the pleasure it produces among those making it. The different qualities of pleasure produced are associated with specific forest spirits and are so highly valued that the right to call these spirits is not shared on demand, as are other products of human labor, but traded between individuals within and across national and ethnic boundaries. The talk describes how participation in a distinctive musical style reveals and transmits ideal scenarios that form socio-aesthetic standards guiding, but not dictating culturally appropriate or characteristic action. The temporal duration and spatial distribution of this musical style suggest the existence of a distinctive Central African hunter-gatherer civilization of great antiquity.