This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage


00:02:18 1 History
00:02:28 2 Today
00:03:26 3 Targets of espionage
00:05:24 4 Methods and terminology
00:08:16 4.1 Technology and techniques
00:08:26 5 Organization
00:12:34 6 Industrial espionage
00:13:00 7 Agents in espionage
00:18:44 8 Law
00:21:10 8.1 History of espionage laws
00:22:35 8.2 Use against non-spies
00:24:39 8.3 Espionage laws in the UK
00:26:20 8.4 Government intelligence laws and its distinction from espionage
00:28:41 8.5 Military conflicts
00:33:55 9 Spy fiction
00:37:00 9.1 World War II: 1939–1945
00:37:13 9.2 Cold War era: 1945–1991



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SUMMARY
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Espionage or spying, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of the information. Spies help agencies uncover secret information. Any individual or spy ring (a cooperating group of spies), in the service of a government, company or independent operation, can commit espionage. The practice is clandestine, as it is by definition unwelcome and in many cases illegal and punishable by law. Espionage is a method of "intelligence" gathering which includes information gathering from public sources.
Espionage is often part of an institutional effort by a government or commercial concern. However, the term tends to be associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies for military purposes. Spying involving corporations is known as industrial espionage.
One of the most effective ways to gather data and information about the enemy (or potential enemy) is by infiltrating the enemy's ranks. This is the job of the spy (espionage agent). Spies can return information concerning the size and strength of enemy forces. They can also find dissidents within the enemy's forces and influence them to defect. In times of crisis, spies steal technology and sabotage the enemy in various ways. Counterintelligence is the practice of thwarting enemy espionage and intelligence-gathering. Almost all nations have strict laws concerning espionage and the penalty for being caught is often severe. However, the benefits gained through espionage are often so great that most governments and many large corporations make use of it.
Information collection techniques used in the conduct of clandestine human intelligence include operational techniques, asset recruiting, and tradecraft.