This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid


00:01:41 1 Equation
00:03:27 2 Properties
00:03:32 2.1 Area
00:03:41 2.2 Volume
00:06:24 2.3 Curvature
00:07:59 2.4 Aspect ratio
00:10:09 3 Applications
00:12:34 3.1 Oblate spheroids
00:13:10 3.2 Prolate spheroids
00:13:58 3.3 Dynamical properties
00:15:40 4 See also
00:16:17 5 References
00:17:41 See also



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SUMMARY
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A spheroid, or ellipsoid of revolution, is a quadric surface obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes; in other words, an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters. A spheroid has circular symmetry.
If the ellipse is rotated about its major axis, the result is a prolate (elongated) spheroid, shaped like an American football or rugby ball. If the ellipse is rotated about its minor axis, the result is an oblate (flattened) spheroid, shaped like a lentil. If the generating ellipse is a circle, the result is a sphere.
Due to the combined effects of gravity and rotation, the figure of the Earth (and of all planets) is not quite a sphere, but instead is slightly flattened in the direction of its axis of rotation. For that reason, in cartography the Earth is often approximated by an oblate spheroid instead of a sphere. The current World Geodetic System model uses a spheroid whose radius is 6,378.137 km (3,963.191 mi) at the Equator and 6,356.752 km (3,949.903 mi) at the poles.
The word spheroid originally meant "an approximately spherical body", admitting irregularities even beyond the bi- or tri-axial ellipsoidal shape, and that is how the term is used in some older papers on geodesy (for example, referring to truncated spherical harmonic expansions of the Earth).