SS | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
SS 00:02:30 1 Origins 00:02:39 1.1 Forerunner of the SS 00:04:27 1.2 Early commanders 00:06:00 1.3 Himmler appointed 00:08:47 1.4 Ideology 00:12:55 2 Pre-war Germany 00:17:28 2.1 Hitler's personal bodyguards 00:20:56 2.2 Concentration camps founded 00:22:51 3 SS in World War II 00:24:04 3.1 Invasion of Poland 00:27:08 3.2 Battle of France 00:29:58 3.3 Campaign in the Balkans 00:31:39 4 War in the east 00:33:56 4.1 The Holocaust 00:36:12 4.2 Anti-partisan operations 00:38:14 4.3 Death camps 00:41:14 5 Business empire 00:46:08 6 Military reversals 00:46:59 6.1 Normandy landings 00:50:22 6.2 Battle for Germany 00:55:18 7 SS units and branches 00:55:28 7.1 Reich Main Security Office 00:57:07 7.2 iSS-Sonderkommandos/i 00:59:53 7.3 iEinsatzgruppen/i 01:02:02 7.4 SS Court Main Office 01:03:08 7.5 SS Cavalry 01:05:08 7.6 SS Medical Corps 01:07:14 7.7 Other SS units 01:07:23 7.7.1 iAhnenerbe/i 01:08:05 7.7.2 iSS-Frauenkops/i 01:09:06 7.7.3 iSS-Mannschaften/i 01:09:30 8 Foreign legions and volunteers 01:12:24 9 Ranks and uniforms 01:13:53 10 SS membership estimates 1925–45 01:14:29 11 SS offices 01:15:32 12 Austrian SS 01:17:49 13 Post-war activity and aftermath 01:19:34 13.1 International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 01:21:36 13.2 Escapes 01:25:02 14 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes; German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafl̩] (listen); literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz ("Hall Security") made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925 Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45) it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe. The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units within Nazi Germany's military. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence. The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims in the Holocaust. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939–45). The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946. |