This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Pakistan


00:04:39 1 History
00:06:06 2 State controlled science
00:12:27 3 Scientific research institutions (SRI)
00:13:48 4 Science policy
00:13:57 4.1 National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
00:15:04 4.2 National Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy
00:15:39 4.2.1 Investment in human resources and research
00:16:20 5 Notable scientists
00:16:30 6 Ranking of Pakistani Scientists by Pakistan Council for Science & Technology
00:16:41 6.1 Nobel Prize
00:17:11 6.2 UNESCO Science Prize
00:17:34 6.3 Fellows of Royal Society, London
00:17:50 6.4 Academician Chinese Academy of Sciences
00:18:05 6.5 Friendship Award of China
00:18:19 6.6 Fellow Korean Academy of Sciences
00:18:31 6.7 Grosse Goldene Ehrenzeischen am Bande, Austria
00:18:44 6.8 Khwarazmi Prize
00:18:57 6.9 Fellow Chinese Chemical Society
00:19:10 6.10 Albert Einstein Award
00:19:36 6.11 Einstein Professorship
00:19:54 6.12 Highest National Order of Excellence
00:21:01 6.13 Order of Crescent
00:22:00 7 National prizes
00:22:33 8 Achievements
00:26:55 9 Information technology
00:29:58 10 Golden age of science
00:32:57 11 Higher education reforms
00:33:07 11.1 Reform 2002-2009
00:34:38 11.1.1 International praise for these reforms
00:38:04 11.2 Decentralizing the governance of higher education
00:39:51 11.3 Effect of reforms on student numbers and academic output
00:41:19 12 Challenges
00:42:57 13 Science community of Pakistan
00:44:05 14 See also
00:44:20 15 Source



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SUMMARY
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Science and technology is a growing field in Pakistan and has played an important role in the country's development since its founding. Pakistan has a large pool of scientists, engineers, doctors, and technicians assuming an active role in science and technology. Liaquat Ali Khan the first Prime Minister of Pakistan (in office 15 August 1947 – 16 October 1951), made various reforms to initiate improvement in higher education and scientific research. The real growth in science in Pakistan occurred after the establishment of the Higher education Commission in 2002 which supported science in a big way and also became the major sponsor of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences under the leadership of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman FRS. The first IT policy and implementation strategy was approved under the leadership of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman FRS, then Federal Minister of Science & technology, in August 2000 which laid the foundations of the development of this sector On the request of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman Intel initiated a nation wide programme to train school teachers in Information and Communication technologies in March 2002 which has led to the training of 220,000 school teachers in 70 districts and cities across Pakistan. A 15 year tax holiday was approved on the recommendation of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman FRS which has resulted in growth of IT business from $ 30 million in 2001 to over $ 3 billion.The Pakistan Austria University of Applied Engineering (Fachhochschule) is now being established in Haripur Hazara under the Chairmanship of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman FRS in which students will get degrees from several Austrian universitiesChemistry remains the strongest subject in the country with the International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences playing the lead role with the largest postgraduate research program in the country having about 600 students enrolled for PhD..Physics (theoretical, nuclear, particle, laser, and quantum physics), material science, metallurgy (engineering), biology, and mathematics, are some of the other fields in which Pakistani scientists have contributed. From the 1960s and onwards, the Pakistani government made the development and advancement of science a national priority and showered top scientists with honour ...