Anti-Catholicism | Wikipedia audio article |
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Catholicism 00:01:51 1 In primarily Protestant countries 00:04:22 1.1 British Empire 00:04:30 1.1.1 Great Britain 00:06:39 1.1.1.1 Gordon Riots 1780 00:07:35 1.1.2 19th century 00:08:47 1.1.3 Since 1945 00:09:54 1.1.4 Ireland 00:11:25 1.1.4.1 Laws that restricted the rights of Irish Catholics 00:12:07 1.1.5 Canada 00:13:15 1.1.5.1 French language schools in Canada 00:14:14 1.1.5.2 Newfoundland 00:15:20 1.1.6 Australia 00:18:39 1.1.7 New Zealand 00:20:03 1.2 Germany 00:21:43 1.2.1 Nazi Germany 00:27:46 1.3 United States 00:29:08 1.3.1 Colonial era 00:31:18 1.3.2 New nation 00:33:35 1.3.3 1840s–1850s 00:36:31 1.3.4 20th century-21st century 00:38:01 2 In primarily Catholic countries 00:39:24 2.1 Brazil 00:40:24 2.2 Colombia 00:40:47 2.3 France 00:43:33 2.4 Italy 00:44:14 2.5 Mexico 00:46:09 2.6 Poland 00:48:28 2.7 Spain 00:48:54 3 In mixed Catholic-Protestant countries 00:49:05 3.1 Switzerland 00:49:47 4 In primarily Orthodox countries 00:49:56 4.1 Russian Empire 00:50:58 4.2 Serbia 00:56:20 4.3 Ukraine 00:57:05 5 Non-Christian nations 00:57:15 5.1 Bangladesh 00:57:31 5.2 China 00:58:11 5.3 Japan 00:58:43 5.4 North Korea 00:58:54 5.5 Sri Lanka 00:59:13 6 Within the Catholic Church 00:59:49 6.1 Suppression of the Jesuits 01:01:31 7 In popular culture 01:02:03 8 See also 01:02:12 9 Notes 01:02:20 10 External links 01:02:34 11 Further reading Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9389559318706917 Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Anti-Catholicism is hostility towards Catholics or opposition to the Catholic Church, its clergy and its adherents. At various points after the Reformation, some majority Protestant states, including England, Prussia, and also Scotland made anti-Catholicism and opposition to the Pope and Catholic rituals major political themes, with anti-Catholic sentiment at times leading to religious discrimination against Catholic individuals (often derogatorily referred to in Anglophone Protestant countries as "papists" or "Romanists"). Historian John Wolffe identifies four types of anti-Catholicism: constitutional-national, theological, popular and socio-cultural.Historically, Catholics in Protestant countries were frequently suspected of conspiring against the state in furtherance of papal interests. Support for the alien pope led to allegations challenging loyalty to the state. In majority Protestant countries with large scale immigration, such as the United States and Australia, suspicion or discrimination of Catholic immigrants often overlapped or conflated with nativism, xenophobia, and ethnocentric or racist sentiments (i.e. anti-Italianism, anti-Irish sentiment, Hispanophobia, anti-Quebec sentiment, anti-Polish sentiment). In the Early modern period, the Catholic Church struggled to maintain its traditional religious and political role in the face of rising secular powers in Catholic countries. As a result of these struggles, there arose a hostile attitude towards the considerable political, social, spiritual and religious power of the Pope and the clergy in the form of anti-clericalism. The Inquisition was a favorite target of attack. Anti-clerical forces gained strength after 1789 in some primarily Catholic nations, such as France, Spain and Mexico. Political parties formed that expressed a hostile attitude towards the considerable political, social, spiritual and religious power of Catholic Church in the form of anti-clericalism, attacks on the power of the pope to name bishops, and international orders, especially the Jesuits. |